Tuesday, April 29, 2008
Western Church Reading
Post your comments and thoughts here (only about the Church -- do not post about Russia). Also, try to go beyond just asking a question -- try to answer it yourself. See what links you can find to share with the class. If you can't find an answer, still ask the question -- just explain that you could not find the answer.
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Link to a web page on Pope Gregory VII: (http://www.culturalcatholic.com/PopeGregoryVII.htm)
Britannica page on saint Benedict of Nursia:(http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9078574)
The abbot at Cluny, France, mentioned in the reading:
(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Dehio_212_Cluny.jpg/800px-Dehio_212_Cluny.jpg)
Page on common aspects of Monastery life, Including a photo of a typically monastery: (http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.aedificium.org/MonasticLife/MonasteryWithLabels.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.aedificium.org/MonasticLife/GeneralAspects.html&h=344&w=365&sz=57&hl=en&start=1&sig2=K7uB4XG_wK8VDU5vVuVRMA&um=1&tbnid=UOtdWC8E-yzYmM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=121&ei=WX8XSJKrIIHIiAG4p-GaDw&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMonastery%2B%2Blayout%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:dv-MV)
In the reading, it said that "the Holy Roman Empire had little influence west of the Rhine River. This made me wonder where the Holy Roman Empire was exactly located so that it didn't influence the Rhine River.
I found this map which shows the Holy Roman Empire, and it's territorial gain and loss:
http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/germany/empire1530.gif
I also wondered what the Holy Roman Empire was, and from a wikipedia article I found that it "
was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period under a Holy Roman Emperor." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire
I found that the first emperor in the Holy Roman Empire was Otto I the Great, who reigned from 962–967.
Here is a picture of Otto I the Great:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/Otto_I_the_Great.jpg/200px-Otto_I_the_Great.jpg
I wanted to get more into the Papcy and i found that it was that this term is employed in an ecclesiastical and in an historical signification. In the former of these uses it denotes the ecclesiastical system in which the pope as successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ governs the Catholic Church as its supreme head.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11451b.htm
I wanted to know what happened to the Papcy, and I found out that in 1073 Pope Gregory VII restricted its use to the bishop of Rome, confirming a practice that had existed since the 9th century
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9058312/papacy
I was interested in looking up more about "Investiture Controversy".
I found on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investiture_Controversy
that it was a conflict between church and state. The dispute was specifically between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV. They were disputing whether the church or the government should rule the land.
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=19617&rendTypeId=4
This is a picture of Pope Gregory VII giving a ban of excommunication to the loyal religious people of King Henry IV.
I like to connect things that we learn in history class up to things that are happening or that we know in present day. I was thinking about how the Church and the Empire of Rome conflicted. Even after the Concordat of Worms was formed, there was still controversy between the Church and the Empire. We have seen how the US has picked up many ideas on how to run the country from history such as the republic from Rome, the democracy from Athens etc. One principle that holds in the US is the idea of "separation between church and state". Perhaps we got this idea from the Romans, as we knew about the issues that Rome faced between the Church and the Government.
I wanted to learn more about the Concordat of Worms...
I found out that it declared that the King could inaugurate bishops, but he did not have sacred power as the Pope.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordat_of_Worms
I found this interesting book on google books called " Church and State through the Centuries"
It explains the different struggles between chruch and state throughout time and in different parts of the world.
http://books.google.com/books?id=2WuMyEzani8C&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=concordat+of+worms&source=web&ots=KwTgLGGJM3&sig=MNYEMfZUfaVCeYM3SPCUKhogWkA&hl=en#PPA48,M1
When the reading mentioned that a lack of educated clergy was an issue when trying to unify the church, I wondered, "What was education like in the Middle Ages?" I found this site. It covers many aspects of Medieval Life, including education. I found out that Charlemagne established educational opportunities by making every monastery and cathedral open a school that was available for boys that were intelligent and willing to learn. Today's cap and gown seen at graduations were first used in the Middle Ages.
http://www.medieval-life.net/life_main.htm
There was a small picture on the Book of Kells in the reading and I wanted to find more about it.
Wikipedia stated that "is an illuminated manuscript that is a masterwork of Western calligraphy... It is also widely regarded as Ireland's finest national treasure. Transcribed by Celtic monks ca. 800, it contains the four Gospels of the New Testament in Latin"
Some images of the Book of Kells can be found here- http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/gazette/book_kells.jpg and here- http://z.about.com/d/historymedren/1/0/s/A/portrait_of_john.jpg
Another image I found was one of Saint Benedict of Nursia- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Fra_Angelico_031.jpg
I am interested in learning more about Monasticism. I was wondering if people who lived in those certain medieval Christian lands had a choice as to whether or not they lived in society or whether or not they lived apart from it.
I was also curious as to what the modern-day definition of the word is so I looked it up on dictionary.com. The website said it is a monastic system, condition, or mode of life. To me it seems as though the meaning of the word has not changed over time and that monasticism may still exist today.
In the reading, it said the Henry II had a hard time controlling the church so he asked Thomas Becket, his friend, to give up his luxurious life to join the church. It felt as though part of this story was left out because I got the impression that Thomas Becket had been living this great life for awhile and it would be odd to just give it up on a whim. So I was wondering if there was any additional information to the story.
The Cluny Abbey also interested me and so I found this site that has some good pictures as well as a history:
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/france/cluny-abbey.htm
Ok - so the only thing i was really interested in was the Concordat of Worms. First of all the name is really cool and then i started pokling around and found this site(http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9077509/Concordat-of-Worms) which gave a really short overview about it. Then I saw that it was about Investiture Controversy and clicked on that link and that was kind of not helpful.
I went to another site and it's really simple. The website described it as an "11th century dispute between Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Pope Gregory VII over who would control appointments of church officials (investiture)"(Wikipedia)
My question is plain and simple. Did Henry II have a law code for his trials to follow?
After a little research, there was no specific mention of a law code. However, it was stated that Henry II payed a lot of attention to property rights and contracts. That tells me that there was at least an implied law.
I thought it was interesting to read the rules regarding the pope on page 267. The rule about princes kissing the popes feet seems to cotradict the humility of Jesus when Jesus washed his dicsiples' feet. I would think the pope is supposed to serve others, instead of other serving the pope, when it seems like the pope has total control over the Catholic Church. Alos, the rule about the Church never erring seems to contradict the fact that Jesus pointed out many times, that we are men, and men err. That is why he needed to save Christians. It seems a bit hypocritical to me.
In the reading it discussed the conflicts between that of the church and that of the government. I found this link that shows: the dictate of the Pope, a letter from Henry IV to Gregory VII, and a piece about the Concordat of Worms.
http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/211inv.html
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~mharrsch/OttoIasEmperor.jpg
- This is a picture that I found of Otto the Great.
http://corndancer.com/vox/aer/aer_art/map01_1648.jpg
- This is a map (picture) of the Holy Roman Empire.
I was also curious about the Papacy, and what that actually meant, and I figured out on wikipedia what it meant and how it got that name.
-The office of the pope is called the papacy; his ecclesiastical jurisdiction is called the "Holy See"
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope
What how do you become a knight, and could some one that is a peasant become a night? I remember somewhere that the monks were the ones that rewrote most books, and that they eventually used a printing press? When did the printing press come into play if they did use one?
Good link about Charlemagne
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa20
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