In researching Machu Picchu and this reading, astronomy was mentioned. How important was astronomy during the time? How much was known about the different planets and the stars? Did people consider going to space somehow to learn more?
I searched that subject, and I found this site. It didn’t seem like the most reliable source of information, but it did mention "Zenial Passages."
I searched that, and I found that Zenial Passages were times at noon when the sun didn't cast a shadow. This page gives a lot of information, and it shows related pictures.
This site is written by a middle school teacher. It gives information about how astronomy was used to develop the calendar.
In this reading, it mentions that timekeeping was very important to Mayans. I wanted to learn more about Mayan timekeeping, and when i did some research I found this link. The link describes their different ways to keep and describe time, and it also talks about the Mayan calendar. It says that "rather than the single standard calendar that we use today, the Maya had many different counts which each had its own meaning and purpose". I thought this was very interesting, and wanted to find a picture of what a Maya calendar looked like, and I found this one. Also, this picture shows what the symbols are called.
When I looked at the chart in the reading I noticed that I didn't know much about the Huari culture. Everyone had covered the other cultures so I figured I looked up this one. I learned that they were before the Inca civilization and that the Incas based their roads and agricultural systems off of. The civilization lasted very long, longer than the Incas - 500-1200 or 700 -1000 or 500-700, none of the records are very good. The Huari were very good at building - some of their building were stone buildings that are "earthquake resistant" according to one site. Researchers don't know much about the decline of the Huari except that there were fair haired people in the remote city of Keulap that might have something to do with it the defeat of the Huari. After this great fall the Incas began to pick apart their kingdom(which was the size of Peru) and the Huari people feld to the jungles of the Andes. Here is the site I got all of this info from and here is a map of the civilization.
New thing i just learned: ok so that place where the Huari were deafeated was a fortress and the fortress was being built 250 years before the Hauri attacted the special blonde people. And then when the Incas took over the Huari fled to the area near the base of the mountain where the fortress was because the might have thought the Incas couldn't defeated the Cloud people and couldn't get to them. THe whle deal with the Keulap place is really cool. Here is the site that got me all excited
I thought it was interesting how the reading mentions that, the people that were living in and around the Missouri and Ohio Rivers, would bury their dead in copper earrings and brestplates. They would also bury their dead with clay figures, smoking pipes and ornaments that were carved from flat sheets of mica, that were in the shapes of leaves and claws. What was interesting to me was that they had copper earrings and brestplates, I didn't even think they had copper, let alone used it. Also, it was interesting to me how they were able to bury their dead in such extravagant and intricate ways. This was also in between the times of 200-400, so that makes their burial processes even more impressive.
The reading mentions Tula. It was the "successor to Teotihuacan". At this site it says that the Aztecs were aware of the existance of this new city-state. They (the Aztecs) also thought that Teotihuacan was where the sun was made. I was also wondering what the architecture was like since in the chart it said that architecture was one of the achievements of the city-state. I went to this site. It has some cool pictures of statues. It also has more information on the people and their ties with the Aztecs. Here is a site with a lot of different pictures dealing with the Toltecs. I wasn't exactly sure where Toltecs were from so I looked it up on wikipedia and I found that at first the word was used to describe the populations in a certain time period, but now the term is used when talking about Tula. I also had a couple of questions. The first was who were the statues carved after? Were they gods? Also, I was wondering whether the Aztecs were friendly with Tula, or if they just acknowledged their presence. From what I saw, it looked as though they didn't really communicate that much; they just knew of each other. Also, I wanted to know why the Aztecs thought that the sun was made at Teotihuacan.
The Mayan’s were extremely adept at astronomy. One of the Greatest achievements of the Mayan’s is at Chichen Itza. This achievement was the Pyramid Kukulkan. One the Spring and Fall Equinox a shadow of a serpent is created by the temple. The snake slithers down the side of the north stair case. The snake is called Kukulkan, this is where the pyramid gets its name. This demonstrates the Mayan’s religious obsession with astronomy and how they mastered it.
I was interested in the sacrifice in the Mayan culture. I learned that along with sacrifice religious ceremonies could also include dancing, competition, drama performances, and prayer. Most of the sacrifice involved some sort of blood letting because this blood nourished the gods. Usually a priest volunteers to pierce a part(s) of their body which were usually the tongue, ear, lips, or penis. Also in the hierarchal system the higher up you were the more blood you were required to let. Also the living heart of a human was required to appease the gods, so the sacrifice was tied down at the top of a pyramid or raised platform. Then an incision was made below the ribs and the heart was ripped out. here is a picture that I found that depicts the heart being ripped out of the sacrifice. This picture depicts blood letting. In the picture to blood is staining the paper. Then the paper is being offered to the idol.
On page 308 in the second paragraph, the history book says, "of course, all the surviving written evidence is propaganda". To me, that means that there were carvings in hieroglyphics that people could read, propaganda. I wondered if most people could read the carvings, or if only a few could. Also, the author could be talking about picture carvings and not hieroglyphic carvings.
I found that Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_civilization) says "literacy was not necessarily widespread beyond the elite classes". I also found two other sites that have the same words as Wikipedia.
Because there was not much supporting evidence of the fact that most people were litterate (or people below the elite class), I would guess they are not only because, in most other civilizations (such as Egypt), this seems to be the case.
(Mr. Goldberg: I didn't see that we were supposed to post by 8 until now. I just thought it was 9 because it has always been 9. Sorry about that)
I was reading and two things struck my eye, and they both fall under the same topic, Mayan Sacrifice, and Mayan art, which normally featured Mayan Sacrifice.
I first looked at Mayan Sacrifice, and I found out that there were two types of Maya Sacrifice, known as auto-sacrifice, and human sacrifice. Auto-sacrifice was also known as bloodletting, and bloodletting is the act of drawing blood from yourself to sacrifice to the gods. "The act was typically performed with obsidian blades or stingray spines, and blood was drawn from piercing or cutting the tongue, earlobes, and/or genitals (among other locations). Another form of auto-sacrifice was conducted by pulling a rope with attached thorns through the tongue or earlobes. The blood produced was then collected on paper and burned in a bowl." Maya Sacrifice Wiki
With the Mayan Art i was looking at a lot of pictures, and I found a really cool one of bloodletting. This Picture is Cool
Something from the reading that I learned is that the mounds built by the mound builders were actually tombs. The mention of the mound builders got me thinking about why their mound is in the shape of a snake.
From this site I learned that the snake was supposedly a representation of wisdom in their culture. I also learned that the snake formed by the mound had an open mouth, and is swallowing what is thought to be an egg.
Finally, the mounds are apparently being threatened by corporate greed recently. The site above has information and pictures about that.
I know that the Maya had many famous and big pyramids. But the reading didn’t say much about the Tula. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/images/Tula1.jpeg this is a link to a picture of a Tula pyramid.
I wanted to find out more about the Mayan Calendar. Here is a youtube video about the Mayan Calendar and it is explained so it can easily be understood.
I wanted to also find some pictures of this. Here is a picture of one of the wheels on the Mayan calender.
Cool fact found here: Doomsday (accoring to the Mayans) is December 21, 2012 :0
The reading talked about these new crops and new technology that was being used in the New World, but what exactly were these new things? Also in reading it says that the Mayan Civilization constantly practiced wars, so that meant they were very good at fighting like the Spartans.The Mayan's had a type of warfare called "Star Warfare," in which they planned attacks accordance with specific astronomical events. Maya warfare involved well-documented types of violence: wars among separate kingdoms; attempts of cities within a kingdom to secede by revolting against the capital; and civil wars resulting from frequent violent attempts by would-be kings to usurp the throne. text of link
They have documented alot of their information, but here is a wall carving of an attack. text of link In this picture there is a man in a tree and is shooting a blowgun at him.
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The reading mentions the Mexican empire of Teotihuacan, stretching into the Mayan World. I was wondering where that Mexican Empire was, so I went to
http://www.ancientmexico.com/images/map_tenochtitlan.gif> this page and saw a map of where Teotihuacan was. While I was looking for the map, I also found a cool
http://pages.interlog.com/~gilgames/imagnat/teotihua.jpg> layout of the empire with the Pyramid of the Sun and the Avenue of the Dead.
I was also interested in the "garden of the gods", and I found
http://www.destination360.com/north-america/us/colorado/garden-of-the-gods.php> this picture of the beautiful "garden", even though it's more like land formations. I wanted to see what the ruins of Tula are like so I went to
http://www.ddbstock.com/jpeg1/ddb1037.jpg> this site that shows the ruins.
In researching Machu Picchu and this reading, astronomy was mentioned. How important was astronomy during the time? How much was known about the different planets and the stars? Did people consider going to space somehow to learn more?
I searched that subject, and I found this site. It didn’t seem like the most reliable source of information, but it did mention "Zenial Passages."
I searched that, and I found that Zenial Passages were times at noon when the sun didn't cast a shadow. This page gives a lot of information, and it shows related pictures.
This site is written by a middle school teacher. It gives information about how astronomy was used to develop the calendar.
In this reading, it mentions that timekeeping was very important to Mayans. I wanted to learn more about Mayan timekeeping, and when i did some research I found this link. The link describes their different ways to keep and describe time, and it also talks about the Mayan calendar. It says that "rather than the single standard calendar that we use today, the Maya had many different counts which each had its own meaning and purpose". I thought this was very interesting, and wanted to find a picture of what a Maya calendar looked like, and I found this one. Also, this picture shows what the symbols are called.
When I looked at the chart in the reading I noticed that I didn't know much about the Huari culture. Everyone had covered the other cultures so I figured I looked up this one. I learned that they were before the Inca civilization and that the Incas based their roads and agricultural systems off of. The civilization lasted very long, longer than the Incas - 500-1200 or 700 -1000 or 500-700, none of the records are very good. The Huari were very good at building - some of their building were stone buildings that are "earthquake resistant" according to one site. Researchers don't know much about the decline of the Huari except that there were fair haired people in the remote city of Keulap that might have something to do with it the defeat of the Huari. After this great fall the Incas began to pick apart their kingdom(which was the size of Peru) and the Huari people feld to the jungles of the Andes. Here is the site I got all of this info from and here is a map of the civilization.
New thing i just learned: ok so that place where the Huari were deafeated was a fortress and the fortress was being built 250 years before the Hauri attacted the special blonde people. And then when the Incas took over the Huari fled to the area near the base of the mountain where the fortress was because the might have thought the Incas couldn't defeated the Cloud people and couldn't get to them. THe whle deal with the Keulap place is really cool. Here is the site that got me all excited
I thought it was interesting how the reading mentions that, the people that were living in and around the Missouri and Ohio Rivers, would bury their dead in copper earrings and brestplates. They would also bury their dead with clay figures, smoking pipes and ornaments that were carved from flat sheets of mica, that were in the shapes of leaves and claws. What was interesting to me was that they had copper earrings and brestplates, I didn't even think they had copper, let alone used it. Also, it was interesting to me how they were able to bury their dead in such extravagant and intricate ways. This was also in between the times of 200-400, so that makes their burial processes even more impressive.
The reading mentions Tula. It was the "successor to Teotihuacan". At this site it says that the Aztecs were aware of the existance of this new city-state. They (the Aztecs) also thought that Teotihuacan was where the sun was made. I was also wondering what the architecture was like since in the chart it said that architecture was one of the achievements of the city-state. I went to this site. It has some cool pictures of statues. It also has more information on the people and their ties with the Aztecs. Here is a site with a lot of different pictures dealing with the Toltecs. I wasn't exactly sure where Toltecs were from so I looked it up on wikipedia and I found that at first the word was used to describe the populations in a certain time period, but now the term is used when talking about Tula. I also had a couple of questions. The first was who were the statues carved after? Were they gods? Also, I was wondering whether the Aztecs were friendly with Tula, or if they just acknowledged their presence. From what I saw, it looked as though they didn't really communicate that much; they just knew of each other. Also, I wanted to know why the Aztecs thought that the sun was made at Teotihuacan.
The Mayan’s were extremely adept at astronomy. One of the Greatest achievements of the Mayan’s is at Chichen Itza. This achievement was the Pyramid Kukulkan. One the Spring and Fall Equinox a shadow of a serpent is created by the temple. The snake slithers down the side of the north stair case. The snake is called Kukulkan, this is where the pyramid gets its name. This demonstrates the Mayan’s religious obsession with astronomy and how they mastered it.
I was interested in the sacrifice in the Mayan culture. I learned that along with sacrifice religious ceremonies could also include dancing, competition, drama performances, and prayer. Most of the sacrifice involved some sort of blood letting because this blood nourished the gods. Usually a priest volunteers to pierce a part(s) of their body which were usually the tongue, ear, lips, or penis. Also in the hierarchal system the higher up you were the more blood you were required to let. Also the living heart of a human was required to appease the gods, so the sacrifice was tied down at the top of a pyramid or raised platform. Then an incision was made below the ribs and the heart was ripped out. here is a picture that I found that depicts the heart being ripped out of the sacrifice. This picture depicts blood letting. In the picture to blood is staining the paper. Then the paper is being offered to the idol.
On page 308 in the second paragraph, the history book says, "of course, all the surviving written evidence is propaganda". To me, that means that there were carvings in hieroglyphics that people could read, propaganda. I wondered if most people could read the carvings, or if only a few could. Also, the author could be talking about picture carvings and not hieroglyphic carvings.
I found that Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_civilization) says "literacy was not necessarily widespread beyond the elite classes". I also found two other sites that have the same words as Wikipedia.
Because there was not much supporting evidence of the fact that most people were litterate (or people below the elite class), I would guess they are not only because, in most other civilizations (such as Egypt), this seems to be the case.
(Mr. Goldberg: I didn't see that we were supposed to post by 8 until now. I just thought it was 9 because it has always been 9. Sorry about that)
I was reading and two things struck my eye, and they both fall under the same topic, Mayan Sacrifice, and Mayan art, which normally featured Mayan Sacrifice.
I first looked at Mayan Sacrifice, and I found out that there were two types of Maya Sacrifice, known as auto-sacrifice, and human sacrifice. Auto-sacrifice was also known as bloodletting, and bloodletting is the act of drawing blood from yourself to sacrifice to the gods. "The act was typically performed with obsidian blades or stingray spines, and blood was drawn from piercing or cutting the tongue, earlobes, and/or genitals (among other locations). Another form of auto-sacrifice was conducted by pulling a rope with attached thorns through the tongue or earlobes. The blood produced was then collected on paper and burned in a bowl." Maya Sacrifice Wiki
With the Mayan Art i was looking at a lot of pictures, and I found a really cool one of bloodletting. This Picture is Cool
Something from the reading that I learned is that the mounds built by the mound builders were actually tombs. The mention of the mound builders got me thinking about why their mound is in the shape of a snake.
From this site I learned that the snake was supposedly a representation of wisdom in their culture. I also learned that the snake formed by the mound had an open mouth, and is swallowing what is thought to be an egg.
Finally, the mounds are apparently being threatened by corporate greed recently. The site above has information and pictures about that.
I know that the Maya had many famous and big pyramids. But the reading didn’t say much about the Tula. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/images/Tula1.jpeg this is a link to a picture of a Tula pyramid.
I wanted to find out more about the Mayan Calendar.
Here is a youtube video about the Mayan Calendar and it is explained so it can easily be understood.
I wanted to also find some pictures of this. Here is a picture of one of the wheels on the Mayan calender.
Cool fact found here:
Doomsday (accoring to the Mayans) is December 21, 2012 :0
The reading talked about these new crops and new technology that was being used in the New World, but what exactly were these new things?
Also in reading it says that the Mayan Civilization constantly practiced wars, so that meant they were very good at fighting like the Spartans.The Mayan's had a type of warfare called "Star Warfare," in which they planned attacks accordance with specific astronomical events. Maya warfare involved well-documented types of violence: wars among separate kingdoms; attempts of cities within a kingdom to secede by revolting against the capital; and civil wars resulting from frequent violent attempts by would-be kings to usurp the throne.
text of link
They have documented alot of their information, but here is a wall carving of an attack.
text of link In this picture there is a man in a tree and is shooting a blowgun at him.
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